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- BUSINESS, Page 52"We Don't Have To Have All of Our Cake Today"
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- During the heyday of takeover lending and junk-bond
- financing, the patrician investment firm Morgan Stanley was
- often the butt of ridicule. While more aggressive firms plunged
- into risky new techniques, Morgan, despite a leading role in
- corporate takeovers, seemed stuck in its stodgy habit of
- underwriting stock for blue-chip companies and selling
- investment-grade bonds. The new breed was playing high-stakes
- Monopoly, the joke went, while the stuffed shirts at Morgan were
- playing Trivial Pursuit. But no one is laughing at Morgan's
- expense anymore. The firm, founded in 1935, is the most
- profitable on Wall Street, posting record earnings of $443
- million last year on $2.5 billion in revenues. Its payroll, with
- 6,700 employees, is at its fullest ever.
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- How did Morgan dodge the slump? While the firm handled a
- sizable share of leveraged buyouts and issued $14 billion in
- junk bonds during the late 1980s, the company chose its deals
- with care. (Morgan did come up short in one notable fight,
- however, when it assisted Paramount Communications in its failed
- $12.2 billion hostile bid for Time Inc. last year on the eve of
- the company's planned merger with Warner Communications.) Under
- Chairman S. Parker Gilbert, 56, the stepson of co-founder Harold
- Stanley, and President Richard Fisher, 53, Morgan hedged its
- bets by diversifying into many different fields rather than
- putting all its money into one or two fashionable trends. At the
- same time, top investment banker Robert Greenhill expanded
- Morgan's global reach. The firm is now engaged in businesses
- ranging from foreign-exchange trading in London to mergermaking
- in Tokyo.
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- Morgan has succeeded overseas by insinuating itself into the
- local business culture and hiring mostly local employees, a
- technique many Japanese firms spurned in their forays onto Wall
- Street. In Japan some 500 of Morgan's 600 employees are
- Japanese, most of them hired right out of the best schools or
- lured away from prominent local firms with promises of career
- paths to top-ranking posts. One area of expertise Morgan has
- brought to Japan is cross-border merger advice, a field in which
- the company ranks No. 1. Morgan is also prominent in Europe,
- where it completed $20.5 billion in cross-border bids last year.
- Yet Morgan avoids coming on like a Yankee juggernaut, preferring
- instead to work within the old-boy networks favored by many
- European executives.
-
- The biggest current moneymaker for Morgan, however, is its
- expanding merchant-banking operations in the U.S., in which the
- firm puts up its own capital to help finance a deal rather than
- just serving as a middleman. Morgan has invested $250 million
- in management-led LBOs. Besides earning fees for arranging the
- deals, it reaped a 100% return on its money last year from
- dividends and the sell-off of corporate assets. Morgan's
- portfolio of industrial holdings includes stakes in 40
- companies, including Burlington Industries, Southern Pacific
- Railroad and Fort Howard Paper.
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- Not everyone is enamored of Morgan's plunge into direct
- investments. Some investment-banking clients have complained
- because Morgan holds stakes in their competitors, which means
- that any confidential information supplied to Morgan might
- somehow find its way into a rival's hands. Even so, Morgan's
- clients are devoted. "They trust the integrity of the firm,"
- says Greenhill, now Morgan's vice chairman.
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- Morgan Stanley's greatest strength, says a rival, has been
- "its ability to attract and hold the best people." That goes not
- only for its employees but customers as well, who appreciate the
- steady, patient quality of Morgan's culture. Says William
- Kneisel, head of corporate finance in London: "Clients like our
- long-term commitment. We don't feel we have to have all of our
- cake today."
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- By Frederick Ungeheuer/New York. With reporting by Helen
- Gibson/London. and Barry Hillenbrand/Tokyo.
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